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Portia africana
''Portia africana'' is a jumping spider (family Salticidae) found in Angola, Cameroon, the Central African Republic, Gabon, Ghana, the Ivory Coast, Sierra Leone, Zaire and Zambia. Its conspicuous main eyes provide vision more acute than a cat's during the day and 10 times more acute than a dragonfly's,〔 and this is essential in ''P. africana''′s navigation, hunting and mating.
Like other species of the genus ''Portia'', ''P. africana'' prefers to hunt web-based spiders, jumping spiders and other types in that order. When hunting web-based spiders, ''Portia''s use trial and error to find a way to mislead the prey until the ''Portia'' is in a position to bite the victim. While other ''Portia''s live and hunt as individuals, ''P. africana'' forms large populations both in savanna areas and in the dense "cities" which social jumping spiders build in vegetation near the shoreline of lakes. In the savanna, groups of ''P. africana'', generally consisting of small juveniles, delay the prey until one juvenile bites the victim, and sometimes the juvenile shares the food with other. In vegetation near shorelines, ''P. africana'' hunts in the social jumping spiders' cities. There, two species of assassin bug prey on ''P. africana'', and one also preys on the other.
Before courtship, males spin a small web between boughs or twigs, that they hang under, ejaculate into, and then soak the semen into reservoirs on their pedipalps. If a female smells a male of the same species, the female stimulates the males to court. While hunting, mature females of ''P. africana'' emit olfactory signals that reduce the risk that any other females, males or juveniles of the same species may contend for the same prey.
== Body structure and appearance ==
In 1978 in Sierra Leone, Wanless found adult females 4.8 to 9.6 millimetres in body length and adult males 5.2 to 7.2 millimetres. Both sexes have orange-brown carapaces with light orange round the eyes. The female's carapace has faint sooty markings, and short fine white and light brownish hairs lying over the surface, with a scanty tuft behind the fovea.〔 Males have sparse white tufts on their thorax〔 and irregular white bands above the bases of all but the first pair of legs. Female's chelicerae are orange with blackish markings, decorated with dense white hairs at the top and long light brown hairs near the bottom; while male's chelicerae are orange-brown, with darker markings and a layer of thin fine light brown hair. The abdomen of both sexes is mottled yellow-brown and black, but the female's has tufts of orange-brown to dark brown hairs while the male's is mottled yellow-brown and black, clothed in white, orange-brown and black hairs, with conspicuous orange and cream white tufts. The legs of both sexes have many strong spines, and are yellow-brown to orange-brown with black stripes at the top part, and brown with darker brown and yellow-brown markings in the lower part.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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